Ideas and research essays

Macheng Shen

I think about theories of intelligence, distributed cognition, and the physical limits of learning systems.

How these essays fit together. The essays on this page carry the broad thesis. The research page carries a narrower branch on credit transport and physical implementations of learning. That branch is important, but it is not the whole theory of intelligence.

I think about intelligent systems as finite physical systems that must build control-sufficient internal structure while paying for memory, communication, delay, synchronization, and adaptation. That framing connects biological multiscale competency, current AI systems, and infrastructure-scale coordination problems.


Mar 30, 2026

Harness Engineering and the Physical Instantiation of Intelligence

A pedagogical essay on why AI capability is a property of the larger physical-computational system: model, memory, tools, harness, and world coupling.

Mar 24, 2026

Meta-Control, Information Gain, and the Architecture of Autonomous Learning

A pedagogical research note on how prediction error, anticipated information gain, learning progress, and pragmatic value may fit together inside a true control plane for autonomous learning.

Mar 17, 2026

Why Distributed Memory Matters for Lifelong Agents

Long-term memory is not passive storage — it is a policy for preserving and updating state so that future prediction, control, and identity maintenance improve without recomputing everything from scratch. Connects distributed engrams, complementary learning systems, Nested Learning, and the stability–plasticity problem.

Mar 17, 2026

Where Objectives Come From — and Why Solutions Become Strategic Assets

Why reward is often only a representation of goals, why objectives may emerge from joint agent–world dynamics, and why some solutions behave like strategic assets that transform later games.

Mar 7, 2026

Line Loss for Intelligence: Thermodynamics, Topology, and Cognitive Cones for Planet-Scale AI Infrastructure

As AI becomes infrastructure, intelligence will not just be computed; it will be transported across space. The bottleneck may be transport, synchronization, and control-relevant communication rather than raw compute.

Adversarial Review: A Stress Test
Debate: Is Information More Fundamental Than Energy?

Mar 7, 2026

From Mutual Information to Endogenous Viability

Why mutual information is only a starting point for understanding intelligence, and why a deeper theory may need endogenous viability, relevance, and distributed multiscale organization.

Adversarial Review: A Stress Test from Three Directions
Debate: From Persistence to Goals — The Category Jump

Bridge to the research branch

The wave / credit-transport notes are best read as a subproblem inside this larger agenda. They ask how update-relevant information moves through real learning systems. The bigger thesis still needs additional layers: relevance, task formation, endogenous objectives, multiscale control, and physical viability.

Open the research branch →